{"id":27,"date":"2026-01-07T11:00:23","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/?p=27"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:00:23","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:00:23","slug":"stem-v-kuchyni-chemicke-reakcie-pri-potion-play-vysvetlene-detom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/07\/stem-v-kuchyni-chemicke-reakcie-pri-potion-play-vysvetlene-detom\/","title":{"rendered":"STEM v kuchyni: chemick\u00e9 reakcie pri Potion Play vysvetlen\u00e9 de\u0165om"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Potion Play<\/strong> je ide\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob, ako doma \u010di v triede uk\u00e1za\u0165 STEM<\/strong> (veda-technika-in\u017einierstvo-matematika) \u00faplne jednoducho \u2013 v miske s vodou. Deti vidia, po\u010duj\u00fa aj c\u00edtia, ako funguj\u00fa chemick\u00e9 reakcie<\/strong>, mie\u0161anie farieb \u010di tvorba peny. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 vysvetlenia pre deti, mini pokusy a ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 podporia zvedavos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u010co sa vlastne deje? (vysvetlen\u00e9 jednoducho)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u0160umenie = vznik plynu.<\/strong>
    Ke\u010f sa spoj\u00ed \u201ekysl\u00e9\u201c (napr. kyselina citr\u00f3nov\u00e1<\/strong>) so \u201ez\u00e1sadit\u00fdm\u201c (napr. s\u00f3da bikarb\u00f3na<\/strong>), vznikne oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd (CO\u2082)<\/strong>. Ten tvori mal\u00e9 bublinky \u2013 \u0161um<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Pena = bublinky + \u201epomocn\u00edk\u201c (tenzid).<\/strong>
    Na stabiln\u00fa penu<\/strong> okolo bublinky potrebuje voda \u201epl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\u201c \u2013 povrchovo akt\u00edvnu l\u00e1tku<\/strong> (tenzid). Preto peniv\u00fd prach<\/strong> vytv\u00e1ra ve\u013ea a dlh\u0161ie trvaj\u00facej peny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Teplota = r\u00fdchlos\u0165.<\/strong>
    Teplej\u0161ia voda<\/strong> reakciu zr\u00fdchli (viac \u0161umu), studenej\u0161ia<\/strong> ju spomal\u00ed (dlh\u0161ie pozorovanie).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mno\u017estvo a ve\u013ekos\u0165 zrniek = sila efektu.<\/strong>
    Jemnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ok m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed povrch<\/strong>, reaguje r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia d\u00e1vka = viac bubliniek, ale aj r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed \u201ekoniec\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Farby = mie\u0161anie svetla v kvapaline.<\/strong>
    Kvapky farby sa \u0161\u00edria vodou, bubliny ich \u201enadvihuj\u00fa\u201c a mie\u0161aj\u00fa \u2013 preto vid\u00edme v\u00edry a prechody<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    Mini pokusy (5\u201310 min\u00fat, pripraven\u00e9 pre deti)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    V\u0161etko je nejedl\u00e9<\/strong> a ur\u010den\u00e9 na senzorick\u00fa hru<\/strong> pod dozorom dospel\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    1) Kto rob\u00ed \u0161um?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> 2 mal\u00e9 misky, voda, \u0161umiv\u00fd prach<\/strong>, peniv\u00fd prach<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Postup:<\/strong> Kvapni po 5 kvapk\u00e1ch vody na obe misky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ot\u00e1zky:<\/strong> Kde po\u010duje\u0161 \u0161umenie<\/strong>? Kde je viac peny<\/strong>? Pre\u010do?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Vysvetlenie:<\/strong> \u0160umiv\u00fd prach \u2192 viac CO\u2082 (zvuk). Peniv\u00fd prach \u2192 tenzid zachyt\u00ed bubliny do peny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2) Tepl\u00e1 vs. studen\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> 2 poh\u00e1re (studen\u00e1\/tepl\u00e1 voda), \u0161umiv\u00fd prach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Postup:<\/strong> Rovnak\u00fa d\u00e1vku prachu a rovnak\u00fd po\u010det kvapiek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Pozorovanie:<\/strong> Kde to ide r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Pointa:<\/strong> Teplota<\/strong> men\u00ed r\u00fdchlos\u0165 reakcie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        3) Mal\u00e9 vs. ve\u013ek\u00e9 zrnk\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> Jemne podrven\u00fd a \u201ehrub\u0161\u00ed\u201c \u0161umiv\u00fd prach, 2 misky, voda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Postup:<\/strong> Porovnaj \u0161um a d\u013a\u017eku reakcie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Pointa:<\/strong> Povrch<\/strong> ovplyv\u0148uje, ako r\u00fdchlo prebieha reakcia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          4) Farby v pohybe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> \u010c\u00edry poh\u00e1r, voda + 2\u20133 kvapky farby, \u0161umiv\u00fd prach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Postup:<\/strong> Najprv kvapni farbu, a\u017e potom pridaj prach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Pozorovanie:<\/strong> V\u00edry<\/strong> farby, vznik nov\u00fdch odtie\u0148ov.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Pointa:<\/strong> Bubliny pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa<\/strong> farbu a mie\u0161aj\u00fa ju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            5) Pena, ktor\u00e1 dr\u017e\u00ed trblietky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> Peniv\u00fd prach, voda, trblietky do vody<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Postup:<\/strong> Najprv voda + kvapka trblietok, potom prach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Pozorovanie:<\/strong> Odlesky zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u201enavrchu\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Pointa:<\/strong> Pena m\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00faru<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 udr\u017e\u00ed \u010dastice na povrchu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              Vedeck\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky pre mal\u00e9 deti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Predpovedz \u2013 pozoruj \u2013 vysvetli.<\/strong>
                \u201e\u010co si mysl\u00ed\u0161, \u010do sa stane? \u010co vid\u00ed\u0161\/po\u010duje\u0161? Pre\u010do asi?\u201c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Jedna zmena naraz.<\/strong>
                Men\u00edme iba teplotu<\/strong> alebo iba mno\u017estvo<\/strong> \u2013 inak nevieme, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo rozdiel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Meranie po detsky.<\/strong>
                Po\u010d\u00edtame kvapky, mer\u00e1me \u201e\u010das do ticha\u201c, porovn\u00e1vame v\u00fd\u0161ku peny \u201epo ceruzku\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Z\u00e1znam v\u00fdsledkov.<\/strong>
                Jednoduch\u00e1 tabu\u013eka: tepl\u00e1\/studen\u00e1 \u2013 r\u00fdchlo\/pomaly<\/strong>, m\u00e1lo\/ve\u013ea peny<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n

                Slovn\u00ed\u010dek (pre deti)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Reakcia:<\/strong> ke\u010f sa l\u00e1tky zmenia<\/strong> na nie\u010do nov\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Plyn (CO\u2082):<\/strong> nevidite\u013en\u00e9 bublinky<\/strong>, \u010do utekaj\u00fa nahor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Tenzid:<\/strong> \u201epomocn\u00edk na penu<\/strong>\u201c, dr\u017e\u00ed bublinky pokope.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Teplota:<\/strong> teplo\/studen\u00e1 voda<\/strong> \u2013 men\u00ed r\u00fdchlos\u0165 deja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Povrch:<\/strong> \u010d\u00edm je pr\u00e1\u0161ok jemnej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie reaguje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v skratke<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • V\u0161etky pr\u00edsady s\u00fa nejedl\u00e9<\/strong> \u2013 pravidlo \u201eneochutn\u00e1vame<\/strong>\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Doh\u013ead dospel\u00e9ho<\/strong>, z\u00e1stera<\/strong>, pr\u00e1\u0161ky sypeme n\u00edzko nad misku<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • O\u010di \u010falej od misky<\/strong>, pou\u017e\u00edvame pipety<\/strong> (kvapky \u226b lia\u0165).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Po hre vylejeme do um\u00fdvadla<\/strong>, plochu utrime<\/strong>, pr\u00edsady uzavrieme v suchu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n

                    Tipy pre rodi\u010dov a u\u010dite\u013eov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • Kontrastn\u00e1 n\u00e1doba<\/strong> (\u010d\u00edry poh\u00e1r) lep\u0161ie uk\u00e1\u017ee bubliny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Mal\u00e9 d\u00e1vky<\/strong> pred\u013a\u017eia hru a zn\u00ed\u017eia neporiadok.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u201eStanice\u201c po dvojiciach<\/strong> v triede, ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a m\u00e1 pipetu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • T\u00e9my: sopka<\/strong>, morsk\u00e9 vlny<\/strong>, jednoro\u017ec\u00ed elix\u00edr<\/strong>, galaxia<\/strong> \u2013 men\u00edme len jednu premenn\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n

                      Prepojenie na matematiku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Po\u010d\u00edtame kvapky<\/strong>, porovn\u00e1vame \u201eviac\/menej\u201c, kresl\u00edme st\u013ap\u010dek<\/strong> v\u00fd\u0161ky peny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Jednoduch\u00e9 grafy<\/strong>: tepl\u00e1 vs. studen\u00e1 (po\u010det bubliniek za 10 s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Potion Play je ide\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob, ako doma \u010di v triede uk\u00e1za\u0165 STEM (veda-technika-in\u017einierstvo-matematika) \u00faplne jednoducho \u2013 v miske s vodou. Deti vidia, po\u010duj\u00fa aj c\u00edtia, ako funguj\u00fa chemick\u00e9 reakcie, mie\u0161anie farieb \u010di tvorba peny. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 vysvetlenia pre deti, mini pokusy a ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 podporia zvedavos\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27\/revisions\/28"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.potionplay.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}